Online First

Retrospective study of a large cohort of term babies followed up for 5 years. Just under a fifth (17%) of these babies were exposed to antibiotics given to the mother for GBS prophylaxis and these had elevated weight gain in the first 5 yrs. The authors suggest alteration of microbiome as a possible mechanism.

Rapid desaturation occurs in preterm infants during elective endotracheal intubation

Important and timely survey of UK clinicians' opinions regarding resuscitation at the limit of viability.

A review of the current evidence for red cell transfusions for preterm infants.

This manuscript assesses the use of video recordings in a prospective cohort of babies with HIE compared to the neurological assessments by the on site attending physician. There were some discrepancies, especially in babies with mild HIE, but the data support the use of telemedicine to assess HIE severity.

This review describes the challenges encountered with neonatal intubation, particularly in relation to training and achieving competency. It discusses strategies to optimise intubation success and examines the airway adjuncts currently available to manage the neonatal airway.

This single centre RCT enrolling 76 infants ≥35 weeks gestation and ≥3kg found that cuffed endotracheal tubes did not improve the percentage of time the ETT leak was within the optimal target range. Improvements were noted in some secondary outcomes. Further studies are required to provide assurance of safety in this population.

Prospective single centre study of the use of EEG (at 3 gestational ages 72 hours after birth, 32 and 35 weeks corrected) to predict outcome in 57 preterm infants. the study suggest that EEG at 35 weeks is a predictor of outcome at 2years.

Neonatal hyperglycemia itself is associated with lower IQ scores and worse motor outcome at 6.5 years, while insulin was not associated with poorer or better outcome in EXPRESS cohort survivors.

This multicentre double blind RCT of 450 preterm infants evaluated the effectiveness of a thermal servo-controlled system in the delivery room. There was no important difference in rates of normothermia but the servo-controlled system was associated with increased mild hypothermia.

In newborn lambs with cardiac arrest, higher doses of adrenaline and larger flush volumes were more effective in achieving return of spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

This paper describes trends in the diagnosis and treatment of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in the UK National Neonatal Research Database for the years 2011-13 and 2014-16. Mortality of moderate/severe HIE decreased and more infants with mild HIE were treated in the later period.

The review article looks at the current evidence for steroids in preterm infants, both pre- and postnatally.