Online First

Newborn screening programmes for cystic fibrosis (CF) are based on levels of immuno-reactive trypsinogen (IRT). This study highlights the importance of gestational age and day of sampling in interpreting these results and emphasises the importance of a second IRT for inconclusive diagnoses.

In a systematic review and meta-analysis, there was no significant change in neurodevelopmental impairment rates reported between 1990 and 2020 when comparing same-center cohorts. This finding points to need for family-focused and brain health interventions to improve outcomes.

This retrospective study followed 1900 infants born < 27 weeks’ gestation to two years’ corrected age. Infants undergoing delayed cord clamping had lower rates of death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment. The effect was not mediated by severe intraventicular haemorrhage.

Investigators in this manuscript examined electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) in 40 preterm infants during pre-specified weaning of high flow nasal cannula. Edi significantly increased only after the final wean from 2L/min of flow, suggesting increased work of breathing.

This scoping review describes the published information on banked donor human milk and highlights areas for future research and increased access.

In a small retrospective cohort study of infants with pneumothorax, incidence of deterioration and need for an intercostal catheter was low during transport without an intercostal catheter.

Study showing that by determining the extent of V’/Q’ mismatch during CPAP treatment non-invasively, an ideal individual CPAP level can be determined, which in their sample was at 7 (5-8) cm H2O.

This research emphasises the importance of the role of social support in modifying the effects of parent experiences of stress in the NICU at the time of discharge. The study shows that socio-demographic risk factors may not infer stress or risk in the anticipated direction: here, higher education and socio-economic status were associated with greater parental stress. Additionally, lower socioeconomic status, though associated with decreased social support, did not infer greater stress.

Systematic review of studies comparing laryngeal mask airway (FMA) with face mask for respiratory stabilisation immediately after birth showing that failure rates with LMA are much lower than with face masks (RR: 0.24).

Former very preterm born children that are overweight, underweight or normal at 5 or 15 years already had significant different BMI Z-scores by 2 years of age. Change in length Z-score during NICU stay might have a protective effect against later overweight or obesity.