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This review looks at the current clinically available neonatal and fetal therapies targeting congenital diaphragmatic hernia and the associated pulmonary hypertension, and considers the most promising experimental treatments and future research.

This meta-analysis of studies reporting rates of IVH identified 38 studies (87,993 infants) reporting any IVH and 49 studies (328,562 infants) reporting severe IVH. There was substantial variability between studies, largely explained by differences in GA of enrolled infants.

Secondary data analysis suggesting that neonates have more spontaneous breaths after birth following cutaneous stimulation.

This observational study nested in an RCT of oral dextrose gel vs placebo to prevent hypoglycaemia in term infants, explores whether dextrose gel has an impact on the neonatal gut microbiome.

In this randomised crossover study in 24 oxygen dependent preterm infants on non-invasive respiratory support, modifications to an established automated oxygen controller did not improve time in intended SpO₂ range. There was no difference in performance whether the oximeter SpO₂ averaging time was set to 2 seconds or 8 seconds.

Parents of extremely preterm born children undergoing follow up rated their children's health as 9/10. Parental priorities for health improvement were related to behaviour, emotional health and language communication, respiratory health and feeding/growth issues.

This prospective cohort study found that 30 infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome had higher global cerebral blood flow and more neurological exam abnormalities than 31 unexposed controls. Follow-up to determine these infants’ neurodevelopmental courses is required.

This large observational study of over 65,000 infants uses propensity matching to assess the impact of early (<2 days of age) and late (>2 days) commencement of parenteral nutrition in preterm infants born before 31 weeks gestation.

This manuscript examines the impact of preconception maternal obesity on measures of cardiac size and function assessed by MRI. The authors compared ECG findings and cardiac MRI findings in infants delivered to normal BMI and obese women. They found a higher resting heart rate and lower LV end diastolic volume and stroke volumes in infants who were born to obese women. They speculate that these findings may be related to increased CV risk in offspring of obese mothers.

In a large multicenter retrospective study of extremely preterm infants, increasing 5-minute Apgar scores were associated with decreasing mortality but low scores did not predict severe neurologic injury in survivors.

Observational, single-centre study questioning the need to obtain both, peripheral and catheter-based, blood cultures in infants with suspected sepsis - the answer is yes, we need both if we do not want to miss a positive result in a significant proportion of infants.

Parent-reported health-related quality of life information was obtained for children born <26 weeks gestation in England at 11 years in two birth cohorts (1995 and 2006). Mean utility scores were significantly lower for 2006 vs. 1995 cohorts, while control groups were similar.

Based on a systematic review, it was concluded that observed bowel dilatation in the second trimester of pregnancy was significantly associated with the development of complex gastroschisis, postnatal short bowel syndrome and length of stay.

Antibiotic use in the newborn may have long lasting impact. Neonatal sepsis is relatively rare but one which causes concern, investigation and treatment. This paper describes the implementation of an sepsis risk calculator to reduce antibiotic use in a safe and sustainable way.