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This study compared the outcomes of matched cohorts of preterm infants who were treated using 2 different automated oxygen controllers. Differences in morbidity were observed. The data suggest that it cannot be assumed that different automated controllers will produce similar results and that randomised controlled trials will be necessary to refine their use appropriately.

This prospective study from India explores the short terms outcomes (up to 28 days) in small for gestation age babies as identified by regional vs global growth charts.

Parent-reported health-related quality of life information was obtained for children born <26 weeks gestation in England at 11 years in two birth cohorts (1995 and 2006). Mean utility scores were significantly lower for 2006 vs. 1995 cohorts, while control groups were similar.

This prospective cohort study found that 30 infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome had higher global cerebral blood flow and more neurological exam abnormalities than 31 unexposed controls. Follow-up to determine these infants’ neurodevelopmental courses is required.

In this retrospective cohort study of the outcomes of infants born <32 week's gestation, moving from a traditional open bay neonatal unit to a new single-room unit was not associated with significant improvements in morbidity or mortality.

Retrospective study of availability of therapeutic hypothermia in UK units between 2001 -2018 showing increased availability but still gaps for some babies.

This manuscript reports the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in term infants in Australia from 2010 - 2018. The use of NIV increased on average 9% per year. There was an associated increase in the rate of pneumothorax and surfactant use over the same period.

This meta-analyses of 4,238,685 children from high-income countries found that while prenatal exposure to any drugs of dependency increased SIDS risk this was greatest for infants prenatally exposed to opioids and methadone. Further research to examine associations in low- and middle-income countries is needed.

In a large retrospective cohort study, most blood cultures drawn after 72 hours for suspected bacteremia and not coagulase negative staphylococcus, were reported positive by 36 hours.

Results from salivary cortisol concentrations of infants at 4 months of age suggests that extremely preterm birth disrupts the normative development of the HPA axis in infancy, with patterns of cortisol secretion resembling those seen after childhood adversity.

In a Dutch national cohort of infants born 24+0 to 26+6/7 weeks gestation born after changes to guidelines supporting active treatment at 24+0 weeks, the majority did not have neurodevelopmental impairment at 2-year follow up as defined in this study.

Sex hormones delivered via plasma transfusions from adult male donors to very preterm infants do not alter the circulating plasma concentrations in the infant, irrespective of gender.

Large study of all babies born with oesophageal atresia in France over an 8 year period with follow up to 1 year. Anastomotic stricture identified in 23% of cases with independent risk factors identified including one (delayed anastomosis) previously unreported.

Before-after trial of using automated oxygen control in the delivery room, showing similar results as with manual control (70 vs. 60%) for %time in target, and significantly less time spent in potential hyperoxaemia.

In this paper, the authors found that incremental increases in the rate of chest compressions up to 180/min improved cardiac output in asphyxiated piglets receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation with sustained inflations.

Randomized crossover trial comparing electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data between nHFOV with nCPAP, showing increased and more homogenous lung aeration with nHFOV compared to nCPAP

This review looks at the current clinically available neonatal and fetal therapies targeting congenital diaphragmatic hernia and the associated pulmonary hypertension, and considers the most promising experimental treatments and future research.

This meta-analysis of studies reporting rates of IVH identified 38 studies (87,993 infants) reporting any IVH and 49 studies (328,562 infants) reporting severe IVH. There was substantial variability between studies, largely explained by differences in GA of enrolled infants.

In a retrospective cohort study, all infants with perinatal asphyxia and early seizure onset who did not receive therapeutic hypothermia had MRI abnormalities and half died or had poor neurodevelopmental outcome.

Secondary data analysis suggesting that neonates have more spontaneous breaths after birth following cutaneous stimulation.

This observational study nested in an RCT of oral dextrose gel vs placebo to prevent hypoglycaemia in term infants, explores whether dextrose gel has an impact on the neonatal gut microbiome.