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In this randomised crossover study in 24 oxygen dependent preterm infants on non-invasive respiratory support, modifications to an established automated oxygen controller did not improve time in intended SpO₂ range. There was no difference in performance whether the oximeter SpO₂ averaging time was set to 2 seconds or 8 seconds.

Parents of extremely preterm born children undergoing follow up rated their children's health as 9/10. Parental priorities for health improvement were related to behaviour, emotional health and language communication, respiratory health and feeding/growth issues.

This large observational study of over 65,000 infants uses propensity matching to assess the impact of early (<2 days of age) and late (>2 days) commencement of parenteral nutrition in preterm infants born before 31 weeks gestation.

This manuscript examines the impact of preconception maternal obesity on measures of cardiac size and function assessed by MRI. The authors compared ECG findings and cardiac MRI findings in infants delivered to normal BMI and obese women. They found a higher resting heart rate and lower LV end diastolic volume and stroke volumes in infants who were born to obese women. They speculate that these findings may be related to increased CV risk in offspring of obese mothers.

In a large multicenter retrospective study of extremely preterm infants, increasing 5-minute Apgar scores were associated with decreasing mortality but low scores did not predict severe neurologic injury in survivors.

Parent-reported health-related quality of life information was obtained for children born <26 weeks gestation in England at 11 years in two birth cohorts (1995 and 2006). Mean utility scores were significantly lower for 2006 vs. 1995 cohorts, while control groups were similar.

Based on a systematic review, it was concluded that observed bowel dilatation in the second trimester of pregnancy was significantly associated with the development of complex gastroschisis, postnatal short bowel syndrome and length of stay.

Antibiotic use in the newborn may have long lasting impact. Neonatal sepsis is relatively rare but one which causes concern, investigation and treatment. This paper describes the implementation of an sepsis risk calculator to reduce antibiotic use in a safe and sustainable way.

This is large study of over 16,000 infants born between 30 and 32+6 weeks gestation. It compares those who received parenteral nutrition compared to those who did not and explores the risk and benefit of this intervention.

SGA infants are at risk of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and neuronal injury. We report that low dose diazoxide (3-5 mg/kg/day) effectively treats hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in these SGA infants. Its safety profile was excellent, but adverse events were still observed.

This manuscript reports trends in the use of therapeutic hypothermia for babies with mild HIE in the NICUs in the CPQCC catchment, and assesses odds ratios for maternal and infant factors associated with the use of TH. There was an increase in the use of TH for mild HIE increased over time as a form of therapeutic creep.

This study demonstrates that screening for retinopathy of prematurity treatment can be performed by a specialist nurse practitioner obtaining and interpreting digital retinal images, with excellent agreement with treating ophthalmologists.