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Early term and late preterm birth are associated with poorer school performance at age 5 years: a cohort study
  1. Maria A Quigley1,
  2. Gry Poulsen1,
  3. Elaine Boyle2,
  4. Dieter Wolke3,
  5. David Field2,
  6. Zarko Alfirevic4,
  7. Jennifer J Kurinczuk1
  1. 1National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  2. 2Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
  3. 3Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
  4. 4University Division of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
  1. Correspondence to Maria A Quigley, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; maria.quigley{at}npeu.ox.ac.uk

Abstract

Objective To compare school performance at age 5 years in children born at full term (39–41 weeks gestation) with those born at early term (37–38 weeks gestation), late preterm (34–36 weeks gestation), moderately preterm (32–33 weeks gestation) and very preterm (<32 weeks gestation).

Design Population-based cohort (UK Millennium Cohort Study).

Participants Seven thousand six hundred and fifty children born in 2000–2001 and attending school in England in 2006.

Methods School performance was measured using the foundation stage profile (FSP), a statutory assessment by teachers at the end of the child's first school year. The FSP comprises 13 assessment scales (scored from 1 to 9). Children who achieve an average of 6 points per scale and at least 6 in certain scales are classified as ‘reaching a good level of overall achievement’.

Results Fifty-one per cent of full term children had not reached a good level of overall achievement; this proportion increased with prematurity (55% in early term, 59% in late preterm, 63% in moderately preterm and 66% in very preterm children). Compared with full term children, an elevated risk remained after adjustment, even in early term (adjusted RR 1.05, 95% 1.00 to 1.11) and late preterm children (adjusted RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.22). Similar effects were noted for ‘not working securely’ in mathematical development, physical development and creative development. The effects of late preterm and early term birth were small in comparison with other risk factors.

Conclusions Late preterm and early term birth are associated with an increased risk of poorer educational achievement at age 5 years.

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Footnotes

  • Funding This study was funded by a grant from the Bupa Foundation (Grant number TBF-08-007).

  • Competing interests None.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.