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Original article
Relapse of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection
  1. H Kimura1,
  2. M Futamura2,
  3. Y Ito1,
  4. Y Ando1,*,
  5. S Hara1,
  6. H Sobajima3,
  7. Y Nishiyama4,
  8. T Morishima5
  1. 1Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
  2. 2Department of Neonatology, Aichi Prefectural Colony Hospital
  3. 3Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Second Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
  4. 4Laboratory of Virology, Research Institute for Disease Mechanism and Control, Nagoya
  5. 5Department of Health Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
  1. Correspondence to:
    Dr Kimura
    Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; hkimuramed.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Abstract

Background: Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is a severe disease with high mortality and morbidity. Recurrence of skin vesicles is common.

Objective: To determine the features of relapse and identify the factors related to relapse.

Design: Thirty two surviving patients with neonatal herpes virus infections were enrolled. All patients received acyclovir treatment. Clinical and virological data were analysed and compared between relapsed and non-relapsed cases.

Results: Thirteen (41%) had either local skin or central nervous system relapse between 4 and 63 days after completing the initial antiviral treatment. Nine patients exhibited local skin relapses, and four developed central nervous system relapses. In one skin and two central nervous system relapse cases, neurological impairment later developed. Type 2 virus infection was significantly related to relapse (odds ratio 10.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 99.0). Patients with relapse had worse outcomes than those without relapse.

Conclusion: Neonates with HSV type 2 infections have a greater risk of relapse. Relapsed patients have poorer prognoses.

  • herpes simplex virus
  • relapse
  • acyclovir
  • HSV, herpes simplex virus
  • CNS, central nervous system
  • CSF, cerebrospinal fluid

https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.88.6.F483

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    Footnotes

    • ↵* Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan

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