Footnotes

• Presented at This study's data were presented as a poster presentation at the 2019 Eastern Society for Pediatric Research Annual Meeting.

• Contributors KG and EEF designed the study with expert consultation from JC. AC assisted with consenting mothers and with data collection. AM conducted qualitative analysis and coding. All authors contributed to the analysis of the results. KG wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to editing the manuscript and approved it in its final form.

• Funding EEF is supported by an NICHD Career Development Award (K23HD084727). This project was also supported by the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Neonatal Fellowship Research Fund.

• Competing interests EEF is an unpaid member of the Scientific Advisory Board for Concord Neonatal.

• Patient consent for publication Not required.

• Ethics approval This study was approved by the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Institutional Review Board (17-014125). All participants provided informed consent prior to participation.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

• Data availability statement All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.