While it is well accepted that the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) increases with decreasing gestational age (GA), the majority of studies report their findings on the basis of birthweight (BW) rather than GA. Over a 5-year period, 199 infants born at or below 28 weeks of gestation were entered into a prospective cranial ultrasound study stratified according to GA. One hundred and five (53%) had normal ultrasound findings. The overall incidence of IVH, as expected, rose with decreasing GA but we were unable to show any clear influence of BW or growth retardation on its occurrence. Incidence of grades I, IIa, IIb and III IVH were 8, 10, 16 and 11%, respectively. Leukomalacia, bleeding in the posterior fossa and in the cerebellum occurred in 4, 7 and 2% of the population, respectively.