The total volume of the thyroid gland is 1.2/1.0 ccm in male/female newborns; it increases with age up to 7.4 ccm in boys and 7.5 ccm in girls (13-16 years). The relation of total thyroid volume and body surface area is without a significant sex difference 4.5/4.8 ccm/sqm in newborn and about 4.8 ccm/sqm in children aged more than 9 years. Thyroid disorders to be discussed are a cyst, a nodule with an echo-free centre, connatal athyreosis and goitre.