A brainstem substrate for analgesia elicited by intraoral sucrose
Section snippets
Animals and intraoral cannulation
Male and female Sprague-Dawley rat pups (Zivic Miller Co.; Harlan, Indianapolis) at postnatal days 10–12 were housed with their mother in standard polypropylene cages until the day of the experiments. Experimental procedures were carefully conducted in order to minimize animal discomfort and the number of animals used, according to an institutionally approved protocol conforming with local and international guidelines on the ethical use of animals. P10–12 pups were used because analgesia
Effects of midcollicular transections on analgesia elicited by intraoral sucrose
Midcollicular transections or sham procedures were performed in P10–12 pups (n=24). Behavioral data presented below for the transection group are summarized from a total of 12 pups in which histological analyses demonstrated the transections to be complete. A representative example of a midcollicular transection is shown in Fig. 1. The effects of intraoral infusions on withdrawal response frequency to a series of sub- to suprathreshold von Frey filaments in cannulated animals before and after
Discussion
A major finding of the present study is that analgesia elicited by intraoral sucrose in neonatal rat pups is produced by a neural substrate limited to the brainstem and spinal cord. Midcollicular transection, which severs brainstem antinociceptive and gustatory circuits from the mid- and forebrain, enhanced analgesia elicited by intraoral infusion of sucrose. Fos staining demonstrated that intraoral sucrose increased neuronal activity in a number of structures caudal to the transection that
Acknowledgments
We thank David Letizia for assistance with Fos quantification, Becky Wade for help with histology and Adam Puche for help with photography. This work was supported by PHS grants DC03895, NS41384, and FAPESP 97/11034-7.
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2015, Brain Research BulletinCitation Excerpt :One approach in identifying neural substrates mediating sugar intakes is the c-Fos technique, a marker of neuronal activity (e.g., Dragunow and Faull, 1989; VanElzakker et al., 2008). Thus, sucrose intake increased Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the central gustatory system (Anseloni et al., 2005; Schwarz et al., 2010), the central nucleus of the amygdala (AMY), the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as well as the shell, but not core, of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (Norgren et al., 2006; Park and Carr, 1998; Zhao et al., 2011), implicating orosensory and post-ingestive influences. Sucrose intake in sham-feeding rats significantly increased FLI in the AMY and the NAc, but not the VTA (Mungarndee et al., 2008), implicating orosensory influences.