Original ArticleDevelopmental Delay in Moderately Preterm-Born Children with Low Socioeconomic Status: Risks Multiply
Section snippets
Methods
Data for this study are from the Longitudinal Preterm Outcome Project (Lollipop), a large prospective cohort study designed to investigate growth, development, and general health of preterm-born children, with a special focus on MP children (320 to 356 weeks of gestation) in The Netherlands.6 Lollipop consists of a community-based sample of preterm children and a random sample of term-born controls (380 to 416 weeks of gestation). At the time in which the study was designed, MP children
Results
In Table I, we show the characteristics of all preterm and term children with low, intermediate, and high SES. Characteristics were statistically different between SES groups for family composition, maternal age, and maternal ethnicity. In analyses for the preterm and term-born children separately, we found no other characteristics that differed with statistical significance. The GA distribution of the 926 MP children was 32 weeks, 113 (12.2%); 33 weeks, 177 (19.1%); 34 weeks, 257 (27.8%); and
Discussion
Our study showed that moderate prematurity and low SES are separate risk factors with multiplicative effects on developmental delay in early childhood. Only effects on communication skills were less than multiplicative. Decreasing SES and decreasing GA were both associated with increased risks of delay in overall development and delay in domains fine motor, communication, and personal-social skills. The risk of delay in problem-solving skills was significantly associated with decreasing SES but
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2023, Children and Youth Services ReviewCitation Excerpt :Finally, the direct infant assessment outcomes varied significantly across the latent classes, but differences were slight. On average, biological-risk infants scored the lowest on cognitive, motor, and responsivity, which makes sense given the developmental delays that can stem from prematurity and LBW (Aarnoudse-Moens et al., 2009; Dieterich et al., 2004; Kerstjens et al., 2012; Potijk et al., 2013; Spittle et al., 2009). Low-risk infants performed better than high-risk infants on the cognitive and responsivity measures, and high-risk mothers displayed the lowest sensitivity levels, all of which is consistent with previous research on risk, infant development, and parenting (Blair et al., 2011; Friedson, 2016).
Supported by the research foundation of Beatrix Children's Hospital, the Cornelia Foundation for the Handicapped Child, the A. Bulk Preventive Child Health Care Research Fund, the Dutch Brain Foundation, FrieslandCampina, Friso Infant Nutrition, Abbott, and Pfizer Europe. M.P. was supported by the Junior Scientific Master Class of the University of Groningen. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Longitudinal Preterm Outcome Project (Lollipop) was registered with Controlled-Trials.com: ISRCTN 80622320.