Brain injury in the premature infant: Overview of clinical aspects, neuropathology, and pathogenesis
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2022, Seminars in PerinatologyCitation Excerpt :Low FA and elevated MD indicate restricted water diffusion, low cellularity, and more edema. Consistent with these neuroimaging studies, pathological evaluation of the brain with a history of grade III-IV IVH has shown dilated ventricles, thinning of the cerebral cortex, porencephaly, and neocortical dysplasia.59,60 The preterm infants with significantly reduced cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes at term equivalent age exhibit moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disability at 1-2 year of age, suggesting that gray matter volume is a predictor of developmental outcome.61
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2019, Annals of Thoracic SurgeryCitation Excerpt :Hypoxic conditions, intracerebral hemorrhages, strokes, and inflammatory episodes during staged surgical reconstruction can further delay brain maturation [18]. Two major factors predispose the developing white matter and the subcortical gray matter to injury from hypoxia-ischemia [23]: presence of arterial end and border zones in the periventricular region [24] and a propensity for the critically ill neonate to exhibit a pressure-passive circulation related to a disturbance of cerebral autoregulation [25]. Both mechanisms may contribute to our findings of reduced white and gray matter volumes in HLHS/HLHC patients.
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