Brief clinical and laboratory observation
Combined effect of radiant warmer and phototherapy oninsensible water loss in low-birth-weight infants

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    Phototherapy and insensible water loss in the newborn infant

    Am J Dis Child

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  • WilliamsPR et al.

    Effects of radiant warmer on insensible water loss in newborn infants

    Am J Dis Child

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  • WuPYK et al.

    Insensible water loss in preterm infants: Changes with postnatal development and non-ionizing radiant energy

    Pediatrics

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    Because IWL is modified by additional factors such as basal metabolic rate, ambient and body temperature, relative humidity, neonate activity, and phototherapy, the results from different studies must be carefully compared [18]. In fact, important effects of radiant therapy, incubators, bililights and radiant heaters on IWL (weight loss) and TEWL have been demonstrated [19,20]. However, despite these additional contributing factors, a clear inverse relationship between body weight and IWL (weight loss) was reported for 54 healthy pre-term infants [21]; additionally, it was shown that IWL decreased with PNA for infants with birth weights of ≤ 1.5 kg, a correlation interpreted as a sign of skin function maturation.

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    IWL is defined as water evaporated from the skin (2/3) and lung (1/3) not seen by the naked eye. Several environmental and clinical factors influence the amount of IWL: lower maturity,9 less relative humidity,10 ambient temperature exceeding the infant’s neutral thermal environment,11 abdominal skin defects such as omphalocele and gastroschisis, use of radiant warmer12 and phototherapy 13–16 result in an increase in IWL. Increasing maturity, higher ambient and ventilator relative humidity, and postnatal age are associated with a decrease in IWL (Table 1).

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