Research reportVisualization of μ opiate receptor downregulation following morphine treatment in neonatal rat brain
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2018, A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and ChildrenNeurodevelopmental implications of the use of sedation and analgesia in neonates
2013, Clinics in PerinatologyCitation Excerpt :Opioids have been shown to have many different effects at a cellular level. Perinatal morphine causes altered dendritic architecture and neuronal density49 and reduces μ-receptor density.50 Perinatal administration of either methadone or buprenorphine reduces the content of the neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor.51
The impact of the perioperative period on neurocognitive development, with a focus on pharmacological concerns
2010, Best Practice and Research: Clinical AnaesthesiologyCitation Excerpt :Some studies even suggested that opioid co-administration can enhance cell death of immature brain cells induced by other compounds.44 Chronic perinatal exposure to morphine, fentanyl or methadone has been shown to induce acute neuronal degeneration in the neonatal brain45, to alter brain opioid-receptor density46–48 and to disrupt nerve growth factor expression as well as dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic and cholinergic activity.49,50 Moreover, perinatal opioid administration can cause long-lasting desensitisation to opioid analgesia in adult animals51 and has also been shown to induce long-term behavioural changes, cognitive deficits and learning impairment extending into adulthood.52–57
Advancement of reproductive senescence and changes in the early expression of estrogen, progesterone and μ-opioid receptors induced by neonatal hypoxia in the female rat
2008, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :It has been shown that hypoxia induces increases of endogenous opioids (Wardlaw et al., 1981), that could lead to a homologous down regulation of these abundant receptors in the perinatal brain that may last several days. Since the present data showed a marked decrease in µOR expression from female rats submitted to hypoxia on postnatal day 7, it is also possible that the endogenous opioids released by the H or HI may mediate the decrease of µOR through a process of downregulation, as has been seen in rat brains exposed to exogenous opiates in the early postnatal intervals (Tempel, 1991). Interestingly, steroid receptors are also targets of neonatal endorphin imprinting (Csaba and Karabelyos, 2001); and the expression of ER α and β has been reported to be affected in vitro by oxidative stress, that is a key component in the unfolding of the effects of an hypoxic episode (Tamir et al., 2002).