Summary
In 18 healthy neonates, cardiac output was measured by range-gated Doppler echocardiography with simultaneous two-dimensional echocardiography, using the apical approach. Maximal and modal flow velocities were compared by using spectral analysis of the Doppler signal. Blood flow velocities were measured in the left ventricular outflow tract and in the ascending aorta. Cardiac index (cardiac output per kg body weight), with the sample volume placed in the left ventricular outflow, averaged 170±45 ml/min/kg in the maximal flow velocity mode and 133±39 ml/min/kg in the modal mode, respectively (p<0.05). Sampling in the ascending aorta gave cardiac index values of 198±73 ml/min/kg in the maximal velocity and 167±58 ml/min/kg in the modal velocity mode. Maximal flow velocities in the ascending aorta came closest to published data obtained by invasive and noninvasive methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alverson DC, Eldridge MW, Johnson JD, Aldrich M, Angelus P, Berman W Jr (1984) Noninvasive measurement of cardiac output in healthy preterm and term newborn infants.Am J Perinatol 1:148–151
Alverson DC, Eldridge MW, Johnson JD, Burstein R, Papile L, Dillon T, Yabek S, Berman W Jr (1983) Effect of patent ductus arteriosus on the left ventricular output in premature infants.J Pediatr 102:754–757
Alverson DC, Isken VH, Cohen RS (1988) Effect of booster blood transfusion on oxygen utilization in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.J Pediatr 113:722–726
Emmanouilides G, Moss A, Monset-Couchard M, Marcano B, Rzeznic B (1970) Cardiac output in newborn infants.Biol Neonate 15:186–197
Finnström O (1977) Studies on maturity in newborn infants. XI. Further observations on the use of external characteristics in estimating gestational age.Acta Pediatr Scand 66:601–608
Gardin JM, Dabestani A, Matin K, Allfie A, Russell D, Henry W (1984) Reproducibility of Doppler aortic blood flow measurements: Studies on intraobserver, interobserver and day-to-day variability in normal subjects.Am J Cardiol 54:1092–1098
Gessner IH, Krovetz LJ, Benson RW, Prystowsky H, Stenger V, Eitzman DT (1965) Hemodynamic adaptations in the newborn infant.Pediatrics 36:752–762
Hatle L, Angelsen B (1985)Doppler ultrasound in cardiology, 2nd edn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 306–320
Ihlen H, Amlie JP, Dale J, Forfang K, Nitter-Hauge S, Otterstad JE, Simonsen, Myhre E (1984) Determination of cardiac output by Doppler echocardiography.Br Heart J 51:54–60
Lewis JF, Lawrence CK, Nelson JG, Limacher MC, Quinones MA (1984) Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic determination of stroke volume and cardiac output: Clinical validation of two new methods using the apical window.Circulation 70:425–431
Sahn DJ, DeMaria A, Kisslo J, Weyman A (1978) Recommendations regarding quantitation in M-mode echocardiography: Results of a survey of echocardiographic measurements.Circulation 58:1072–1083
Swetnam SM, Yabek SM, Alverson DC (1987) Hemodynamic consequences of neonatal polycythemia.J Pediatr 110:443–447
Takenaka K, Waffarn F, Dabestani A, Gardin JM, Henry WL (1987) A pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study of the postnatal changes in pulmonary artery and ascending aortic flow in normal term newborn infants.Am Heart J 113:759–766
Walther FJ, Siassi B, Ramadan NA, Ananda Ak, Wu PYK (1985) Pulsed Doppler determinations of cardiac output in neonates: Normal standards for clinical use.Pediatr 76:829–833
Walther FJ, Siassi B, Ramadan NA, Wu PYK (1985) Cardiac output in newborn infants with transient myocardial dysfunction.J Pediatr 107:781–785
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mandelbaum-Isken, V.H., Linderkamp, O. Cardiac output by pulsed Doppler in neonates using the apical window. Pediatr Cardiol 12, 13–16 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02238491
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02238491