Scales derived from the Twins and Early Development Study (TEDS) measures at 4 years applied to the children exposed to GM-CSF compared with control children in PROGRAMS trial groups at 5 years of age
| GM-CSF (n=62) | Control (n=54) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Max score | No or median | % or IQR | No or median | % or IQR |
| Your child's development | |||||
| Talking (1–6), median (IQR) | 6 | 6, 6 | 6 | 6, 6 | |
| Actions or words—n% with actions | 3/61 | 5% | 3 | 6% | |
| Sounds younger—n% | 17 | 27% | 8 | 15% | |
| Your child's words (total n) | 48 | 41 | 29, 46 | 41 | 33, 48 |
| Using language (total ‘yes’ responses) | 14 | 12 | 7, 13 | 13 | 11, 14 |
| Books (total ‘yes’ responses) | 12 | 8 | 6, 9 | 8 | 6, 9 |
| Communication worries n (%) | 23 | 37% | 14 | 26% | |
| Professional advice n (%) | 32 | 52% | 24 | 44% | |
| Communication score, median (IQR) | 30 | 26 | 22, 26 | 26 | 24, 27 |
| Total ‘TEDS’ score, median (IQR) | 94 | 85 | 66, 93 | 86 | 80, 93 |
GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor.