GM-CSF (n=73) | Control (n=70) | Risk ratio (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Special educational needs | |||
Academic | 29/69 (42%) | 24/65 (37%) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) |
Behavioural | 16/71 (23%) | 11/61 (18%) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.5) |
Statement (yes/no)* | 12/72 (17%) | 9/68 (13%) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) |
On register (England only)† | 26/67 (39%) | 22/66 (33%) | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.8) |
Stage 1 | 1 | 2 | |
Stage 2 | 2 | 1 | |
Stage 3 | 1 | 2 | |
Stage 4/5 | 6 | 3 | |
Special needs support (yes/no) | 31 (41%) | 24/69 (35%) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9) |
Individual special needs plan | 23 | 21 | |
One-to-one provision | 15 | 6 | |
Small group provision | 20 | 18 | |
Outreach teachers | 5 | 3 | |
Educational psychologist | 8 | 4 | |
Clinical psychologist | 1 | 1 | |
Physiotherapist | 2 | 5 | |
Speech/language therapist | 12 | 14 | |
Requires additional support (yes/no)‡ | 19/71 (27%) | 21 (30%) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) |
Individual special needs plan | 7 | 10 | |
One-to-one provision | 8 | 10 | |
Small group provision | 6 | 10 | |
Outreach teachers | 1 | 2 | |
Educational psychologist | 0 | 5 | |
Clinical psychologist | 0 | 1 | |
Physiotherapist | 2 | 1 | |
Speech/language therapist | 4 | 9 | |
Key stage attainment | Median grade (IQR) | Difference in medians (95% CI) | |
English | |||
Speaking and listening | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | 0 (0 to 1) |
Reading | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Writing | 4 (3, 5) | 3 (3, 4) | 0 (0 to 1) |
Spelling | 3 (3, 5) | 3 (3, 4) | 0 (0 to 1) |
Maths | |||
Using and applying | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | 0 (0 to 0) |
Numbers and algebra | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | 0 (0 to 1) |
Shape, space and measures | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (3, 4) | 0 (0 to 0) |
*Formal binding statutory educational statement of needs.
†Indicates progress through the statement process.
‡Teacher assessed need for support not provided.
GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor.