Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years corrected age among late and moderately preterm (LMPT) infants and term-born controls
| Neurodevelopmental outcome | Moderately preterm | Late preterm | All LMPT | Term | Difference LMPT vs term* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=87) | (n=551) | (n=638) | (n=765) | Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted† RR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Neurological outcomes | ||||||||
| Seizures, n (%) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 1.96 (0.17 to 21.61) | 0.58 | – | – |
| Prescribed anticonvulsants, n (%) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 0.49 (0.04 to 5.39) | 0.56 | – | – |
| Neuromotor and sensory impairment | ||||||||
| Cerebral palsy, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.5) | – | – | – | – |
| Hearing impairment, n (%) | 0 | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – |
| Vision impairment, n (%) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – |
| Gross motor impairment, n (%) | 0 | 5 (0.9) | 5 (0.8) | 2 (0.3) | 2.44 (0.47 to 12.57) | 0.29 | – | – |
| Neuromotor/sensory impairment‡, n (%) | 0 | 10 (1.8) | 10 (1.6) | 2 (0.3) | 4.89 (1.07 to 22.25) | 0.04 | – | – |
| Cognitive development§ | Mean difference (95% CI) | Mean difference (95% CI) | ||||||
| Non-verbal cognition, mean (SD) | 27.1 (4.3) | 27.6 (4.5) | 27.5 (4.4) | 28.0 (3.4) | −0.59 (−1.03 to −0.13) | 0.01 | −0.49 (−0.94 to −0.03) | 0.04 |
| Expressive language, mean (SD) | 58.9 (32.3) | 61.7 (34.0) | 61.3 (33.7) | 66.4 (31.7) | −5.14 (−8.89 to −1.39) | 0.007 | −3.96 (−7.62 to −0.31) | 0.03 |
| Total PRC score, mean (SD) | 86.0 (34.5) | 89.3 (36.2) | 88.9 (36.0) | 94.5 (33.3) | −5.80 (−9.78 to −1.82) | 0.004 | −4.49 (−8.36 to −0.62) | 0.02 |
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |||||||
| Cognitive impairment§, n (%) | 4 (4.7) | 36 (6.6) | 40 (6.3) | 18 (2.4) | 2.66 (1.53 to 4.62) | 0.001 | 2.09 (1.19 to 3.64) | 0.01 |
| Neurodevelopmental disability¶, n (%) | 4 (4.7) | 40 (7.3) | 44 (6.9) | 19 (2.5) | 2.37 (1.38 to 4.08) | 0.002 | 2.19 (1.27 to 3.75) | 0.004 |
*Analyses were weighted to account for over-sampling of term-born multiples.
†Group differences adjusted for sex, SES-Index and SGA.
‡Neuromotor/sensory impairment is classified where a child has a moderate/severe impairment in any one of hearing, vision or motor function.
§Cognitive development was measured using the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised and is defined as a PRC score of <35.
¶Neurodevelopmental disability is defined as a moderate/severe impairment in any one of hearing, vision, motor or cognitive function.
PRC, parent report composite; SGA, small for gestational age.