Selected studies reporting near-fetal postnatal weight gain in VLBW infants
| Authors | Publication year Study type Study period Patients | Nutritional intervention | Number of infants | Mean gestational age at birth (weeks) | Mean birth weight (g) | Information on combined enteral and parenteral energy supply | Information on combined enteral and parenteral protein intake | Enteral nutrition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senterre and Rigo14 complemented by (personal communication) | 2011 observational 2006–2007 VLBWI | Optimised early nutritional support | 102 | 28.5 | 1005 | Mean cumulative energy intakes until day 28: 3156.4±310.1 kcal/kg | Mean cumulative protein intakes until day 28: 104.1±7.1 g/kg | Mean enteral intake at 1 week: 41 mL/kg/d PN discontinued on d 28 (mean) |
| Moltu et al18 complemented by (personal communication) | 2014 RCT 2010 VLBWI | Enhanced feeding | 23 | 28.1 | 936 | Mean average energy intake until day 28: 139 kcal/kg/d | Mean average protein intake until day 28: 4.0 g/kg/d | Fortified full enteral feeding after a median of 11 d |
| Vlaardingerbroek et al17 | 2013 RCT 2008–2012 VLBWI | High AA+lipids | 47 | 27.2 | 867 | Mean energy intake on day 6: 90.4±23 kcal/kg/d | Mean protein intake on day 6: 3.0±1.0 g/kg/d | Full enteral feeding after a median of 15 d |
| Loys et al15 | 2013 observational 2009 ELBWI and GA <28 weeks | Modified nutritional policy | 37 | 26 | 780 | Mean energy intake on day 7: ≈70 kcal/kg/d* and on day 28: ≈130 kcal/kg/d* | Mean protein intake on day 7: ≈3.2 g/kg/d* and on day 28: ≈3.7 g/kg/d* | Enteral feeding increased at a rate of 12 mL/day |
| Maas et al16 complemented by (unpublished data) | 2013 observational 2010 VLBWI and GA <32 weeks | Accelerated advancement of enteral feeding volumes | 92 | 27.7† | 894† | Mean energy intake on day 7: 105 kcal/kg/d Mean cumulative energy intakes until day 28: 3454±424 kcal/kg† | Mean protein intake on day 7: 3.8 g/kg/d Mean cumulative protein intakes until day 28: 109.1±11.7 g/kg† | Full enteral feeding after a median of 6 d |
*Data extracted from figure.
†Median values were reported in the original publication.
AA, amino acids; ELBWI, extremely low birth weight infants; GA, gestational age; PN, parenteral nutrition; RCT, randomised controlled trial; VLBWI, very low birthweight infants.