Publication (Ref.) | Type | Inclusion criteria | Intervention | Age at start Preterm infants | Sample size | Primary outcome | Result | Comment | AE tim. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yu et al63 | Prospective | Superficial IH, No prior treatm. Thickness ≤3 mm | Timolol 0.5% solution 3× daily | ≤12 mo n.r. | 101 tim. top. 23 observations | Growth | Efficacy 92% Treated vs untreated: p<0.05 | Erythr. ointm. for prevent. of leakage | No AE |
Qiu et al64 | Retrosp. matched pairs | Superficial IH | Tim. 0.5% sol. or Imiqimod 5% cream | 1–8 m n.r. | 20:20 | VAS | No difference | AE only in Imiquimod group | No AE |
Berk et al65 | n.r. | n.r. | Timolol ?% Gel | n.r. | 125 | n.r. | n.r. | No side effect. Tim.conc. n.r. | No AE |
Xue et al66 | n.r. | Infantile H | Tim. ?% | n.r. | 93 | n.r. | 98% good to moderate response | 2 deep IH: poor response | 1 sl.di. |
Semkova and Kazandjieva67 | Prospective, preliminary results | IH, superficial, non-ulcerated | Tim. 0.1% gel 5× daily | 30 wk (12–68) n.r. | 25 | Clinical score | 85% improvement from baseline | No AE | |
Ye et al68 | Prospective Abstract only | Periocular haemangioma only | Tim. ?% 2× daily | n.r. | 12 | Clinically after 4 weeks | 4 perfect, 2 moderate, 4 stable, 2 continuing growth | Article in Chinese | No AE |
Moehrle et al61 | Prospective | IH >8 mm, growing | Tim. 0.5% 0.05 mL in Finn Chamber 1× daily | 9–25 wk, 6 of 11 preterm 29–35 wk GA | 11 | Colour, thickness (semiquantitatively) | Reduction 7/11 >80% 4/11 50–80% 2/11 relapse | Dose and application standardised relapse: tim. again with succ. | n.r. |
Chambers et al69 | Retrospective, single-masked | Periocular IH | Tim 0.25% gel 2× daily vs observation | 4.8 m: 3.7 m n.r. | 13:10 | Clinical 2 m later (semiquantitatively) | Good 62%; moderate 31%; poor 8% | 1 deep IH: poor response | No AE |
Oranje et al70 | Prospective | IH, max. 100×50 mm | Tim. 0.5% sol. 3–4× daily | 2–10 m n.r. | 20 | Clinical score, HAS | Good or excellent 85%; poor 15% | Mixed or deep IH: poor response | No AE |
Chakkittakandiyil et al71 | Retrospective, multicentre, comparative | IH, treated with tim. maleate 0.1% or 0.5% | Tim. maleate 0.1% vs 0.5% 2× daily | median 4.3 m, n.r. | 62 tim. 0.5% 11 tim. 0.1% | VAS | Tim. 0.5% better p<0.001 | Treatm.>3 m better, deep IH worse | 1 sl.di. |
Blatt et al72 | Retrospective | IH | Tim. 0.5% or propranolol oral | 1–2× daily 1–4 mg/kg/d | 17 47 | Clinical | Not clear | Preterms not reported | No AE |
Guo and Ni41 | Case report | IH upper eylid | Tim. 0.5% Sol 2× daily | 4 m | 1 | Clinical, photo | Good result | First report on topical timolol | No AE |
Ma et al62 | Prospective | Deep IH only | Ablative fractional laser-assisted drug delivery and timolol 0.5% gel | 1–6 m, preterms excluded | 9 | HAS | 8 good or excellent | Might improve results for deep IH, plasma tim. <20 pg/mL | No AE |
AE, adverse event; conc., concentration; d, day; erythr., erythromycin; GA, gestational age; HAS, Haemangioma Activity Score; IH, infantile haemangioma; m, month; n.r., not reported; ointm., ointment; retrosp., retrospectively; succ., success; tim., timolol; treatm, treatment; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; wk, weeks.