Characteristic | No steroid (n=150) | Any steroid (n=1323) | OR (95% CI) | p Value | Complete course (n=792) | OR (95% CI) | p Value | No steroid + <24 h (n=511) | Complete course + >7 days (n=962) | OR or mean difference | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Postnatal age at assessment, months | 35.8 (27.7–37.0) | 35.4 (30.8–36.7) | – | 0.346 | 35.6 (32.3–36.7) | – | 0.514 | 35.4 (28.6–36.7) | 35.5 (31.1–36.8) | – | 0.435 |
Functional disability (n=1472)* | |||||||||||
None/minimal | 97/150 (64.7) | 923/1322 (69.8) | 1.26 (0.89 to 1.80) | 0.230 | 554/791 (70.0) | 1.28 (0.88 to 1.85) | 0.227 | 349/511 (68.3) | 671/961(69.8) | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.35) | 0.586 |
Mild | 21/150 (14.0) | 191/1322 (14.4) | 1.04 (0.64 to 1.69) | 0.980 | 108/791 (13.7) | 0.97 (0.59 to 1.61) | 0.987 | 76/511 (14.9) | 136/961 (14.2) | 0.94 (0.70 to 1.28) | 0.766 |
Moderate | 17/150 (11.3) | 127/1322(9.6) | 0.83 (0.49 to 1.42) | 0.596 | 81/791 (10.2) | 0.89 (0.51 to 1.55) | 0.798 | 46/511 (9.0) | 98/961 (10.2) | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.66) | 0.520 |
Severe | 15/150 (10.0) | 81/1322 (6.1) | 0.59 (0.33 to 1.05) | 0.100 | 48/791 (6.1) | 0.58 (0.32 to 1.07) | 0.112 | 40/511 (7.8) | 56/961(5.8) | 0.73 (0.48 to 1.11) | 0.171 |
Moderate to severe | 32/150 (21.3) | 208/1322 (15.7) | 0.69 (0.45 to 1.05) | 0.101 | 129/791 (16.3) | 0.72 (0.47 to 1.11) | 0.168 | 86/511 (16.8) | 154/961 (16.0) | 0.94 (0.71 to 1.26) | 0.746 |
Developmental delay (GQ/MDI) (n=1286)* | |||||||||||
−1 SD to −2 SD | 11/131 (8.4) | 73/1155 (6.3) | 0.74 (0.38 to 1.43) | 0.468 | 47/699 (6.7) | 0.79 (0.40 to 1.56) | 0.614 | 28/449 (6.2) | 56/837 (6.7) | 1.08 (0.67 to 1.72) | 0.845 |
<-2 SD | 12/131 (9.2) | 56/1155 (4.8) | 0.51 (0.26 to 0.97) | 0.060 | 34/699 (4.9) | 0.51 (0.26 to 1.01) | 0.078 | 30/449 (6.7) | 38/837 (4.5) | 0.66 (0.41 to 1.09) | 0.132 |
CP requiring walking aids (n=1382)* | 9/143 (6.3) | 32/1239 (2.6) | 0.39 (0.18 to 0.84) | 0.041 | 17/743 (2.3) | 0.38 (0.15 to 0.80) | 0.031 | 20/479 (4.2) | 21/903 (2.3) | 0.55 (0.29 to 1.02) | 0.078 |
Bilateral blindness | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.5) | 1.59 (0.09 to 28.16) | 1.000 | 3 (0.4) | 1.14 (0.06 to 22.81) | >0.999 | 4 (0.8) | 3 (0.3) | 0.40 (0.09 to 1.78) | 0.245 |
Bilateral hearing loss | 6 (4.0) | 46 (3.5) | 0.86 (0.36 to 2.06) | 0.924 | 28 (3.5) | 0.88 (0.36 to 2.16) | 0.967 | 21 (4.1) | 31 (3.2) | 0.78 (0.44 to 1.37) | 0.465 |
Weight, kg | 13.3 (12.0–14.8) | 13.5 (12.1–15.0) | – | 0.419 | 13.5 (12.0–15.0) | – | 0.688 | 13.5 (12.2–15.0) | 13.5 (12.0–15.0) | – | 0.252 |
Weight <10th percentile (n=1373)* | 33/138 (23.9) | 269/1235 (21.8) | 0.89 (0.59 to 1.34) | 0.642 | 168/739 (22.7) | 0.94 (0.61 to 1.44) | 0.848 | 101/477 (21.2) | 201/896 (22.4) | 1.08 (0.82 to 1.41) | 0.640 |
Height, cm | 94.0 (89.0–97.2) | 93.2 (89.4–97.0) | – | 0.869 | 93.5 (89.4–97.0) | – | 0.856 | 93.5 (89.5–97.4) | 93.2 (89.2–97.0) | – | 0.476 |
Height <10th percentile (n=1271)* | 17/127 (13.4) | 149/1144 (13.0) | 0.97 (0.57 to 1.66) | 0.981 | 95/691 (13.7) | 1.03 (0.59 to 1.80) | 0.975 | 56/434 (12.9) | 110/837 (13.1) | 1.02 (0.72 to 1.44) | 0.974 |
Head circumference, cm | 49.0 (47.5–50.1) | 49.0 (48.0–50.5) | – | 0.296 | 49.0 (48.0–50.5) | – | 0.257 | 49.0 (48.0–50.5) | 49.0 (47.9–50.5) | – | 0.914 |
HC <10th percentile (n=1334)* | 35/138 (25.4) | 274/1196 (22.9) | 0.87 (0.58 to 1.31) | 0.589 | 167/713 (23.4) | 0.90 (0.59 to 1.37) | 0.703 | 103/469 (22.0) | 206/865 (23.8) | 1.11 (0.85to 1.45) | 0.485 |
*Denominator is the number of infants examined; data unavailable for those variables in some cases.
Data are presented as n (%) (OR; 95% CI) or median (IQR). No steroid group or no steroid + <24 h steroid group set as referent for OR and 95% CI calculation.
CP, cerebral palsy; HC, head circumference; GA, gestational age; GQ, general quotient; MDI, mental development index.