Table 1

Inclusion criteria

Study design	Observational studies comparing outcomes and eras before and after introduction of fluconazole prophylaxis in neonatal unit(s)
Participants	VLBW (less than 1500 g) or very preterm (less than 32 weeks' gestation) newborn infants
Intervention	Fluconazole prophylaxis, either parenteral or enteral (or both), given for at least 2 weeks postnatally
Comparison	Placebo or no fluconazole
Comparison	Studies where control infants received oral/topical non-absorbed prophylaxis were eligible for inclusion in subgroup analyses
Outcomes	Confirmed invasive fungal infection defined as: Culture of fungus from a normally sterile site Findings on autopsy examination consistent with invasive fungal infection Findings on ophthalmological examination consistent with fungal ophthalmitis or retinitis Pathognomonic findings on renal ultrasound
	Death before hospital discharge
	Neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed using validated assessment tools

VLBW, very low birth weight.