| Time to reach an Apgar score of >6 (min) | Measures of cognition | Measure of educationLow school grade(n = 167 117) | ||||||||||
| Low logic score(n = 134 596) | Low synonym score(n = 133 858) | Low spatial score(n = 133 825) | Low technical score(n = 124 149) | Low IQ score(n = 136 788) | ||||||||
| OR (95% CI) | p* | OR (95% CI) | p* | OR (95% CI) | p* | OR (95% CI) | p* | OR (95% CI) | p* | OR (95% CI) | p* | |
| Unadjusted | ||||||||||||
| <1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1–5 | 1.20 (1.05 to 1.38) | 0.001 | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.19) | 0.11 | 1.01 (0.89 to 1.15) | 0.05 | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.36) | 0.02 | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.21) | 0.008 | 0.89 (0.80 to 1.00) | 0.60 |
| >5 | 1.43 (1.05 to 1.94) | 1.30 (0.98 to 1.74) | 1.47 (1.12 to 1.93) | 1.13 (0.83 to 1.54) | 1.30 (1.04 to 1.64) | 1.20 (0.95 to 1.51) | ||||||
| Adjusted for antenatal†§ factors | ||||||||||||
| <1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1–5 | 1.26 (1.10 to 1.44) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.96 to 1.25) | 0.03 | 1.03 (0.91 to 1.18) | 0.03 | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.37) | 0.02 | 1.12 (1.01 to 1.25) | 0.002 | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.06) | 0.86 |
| >5 | 1.43 (1.06 to 1.94) | 1.33 (1.00 to 1.79) | 1.45 (1.11 to 1.91) | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.49) | 1.31 (1.04 to 1.65) | 1.24 (0.98 to 1.56) | ||||||
| Adjusted for antenatal† and intrapartum/neonatal factors‡ | ||||||||||||
| <1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1–5 | 1.26 (1.10 to 1.44) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.97 to 1.27) | 0.01 | 1.03 (0.90 to 1.17) | 0.03 | 1.20 (1.05 to 1.38) | 0.02 | 1.14 (1.03 to 1.27) | 0.001 | 0.98 (0.89 to 1.08) | 0.80 |
| >5 | 1.43 (1.06 to 1.94) | 1.36 (1.02 to 1.82) | 1.46 (1.11 to 1.91) | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.49) | 1.35 (1.07 to 1.69) | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.36) | ||||||
| Adjusted for antenatal†, intrapartum/neonatal factors‡ and social factors§ | ||||||||||||
| <1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 1–5 | 1.25 (1.10 to 1.43) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.96 to 1.25) | 0.04 | 1.02 (0.90 to 1.16) | 0.08 | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.35) | 0.04 | 1.14 (1.03 to 1.27) | 0.003 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.06) | 0.61 |
| >5 | 1.34 (1.01 to 1.78) | 1.26 (0.95 to 1.67) | 1.37 (1.05 to 1.77) | 1.03 (0.77 to 1.39) | 1.35 (1.07 to 1.69) | 1.01 (0.81 to 1.26) | ||||||
*p for trend.
†Parity, pre-eclampsia, birth weight, length and head circumference.
‡Mode of delivery, maternal or infant infection, season and year of birth.
§Maternal and paternal education status, occupation and age.