Crying variables and total procedure time
| HL | HL with sucrose | VP | VP with sucrose | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values are median (range) and mean (SD). | ||||
| Intergroup comparisons were performed by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann Whitney U test for continuous variables or by the χ2 test for categorical data: *p<0.05 v HL with sucrose; ††p<0.01, †††p<0.001 v VP without sucrose; ‡‡p<0.01, ‡‡‡p<0.001 v VP with sucrose. | ||||
| The duration of the first cry was defined as the duration of continuous, high pitched vocalisation before a quiet interval of five seconds. Total procedure time was defined as the period from skin puncture to application of a plaster. HL, Heel lance; VP, venepuncture. | ||||
| Duration of first cry (s) | 121 (0–344)††† | 102 (0–460)†††,‡‡‡ | 8 (0–349) | 0 (0–224) |
| 156 (108) | 135 (128) | 44 (77) | 30 (58) | |
| Total procedure time (s) | 180 (61–397)*,††† | 111 (53–358) | 93 (29–321)‡‡ | 68 (22–273) |
| 174 (93) | 128 (71) | 109 (67) | 86 (69) | |
| First crying time/total procedure time (%) | 106 (0–395)†† | 108 (0–318)††,‡‡‡ | 8 (0–271) | 0 (0–470) |
| 113 (89) | 114 (85) | 48 (73) | 61 (133) | |
| Crying:no crying | 24:1†† | 24:1††,‡‡ | 13:12 | 10:15 |