Cause specific death rates (with the numbers of cases in parentheses) in 1982–90 and 1991–2000, and rate ratios, for singleton births by maternal age
| Cause of death | Stillbirth rate | Rate ratio (95% CI) | Neonatal death rate | Rate ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1982–90 | 1991–2000 | 1982–90 | 1991–2000 | |||
| Stillbirth rates were calculated per 10 000 total births (live and still); neonatal death rates were calculated per 10 000 live births. | ||||||
| Maternal age <20 years (n = 71 874) | ||||||
| Congenital anomalies | 8.5 (32) | 1.5 (5) | 0.17 (0.07 to 0.44) | 14.5 (54) | 12.3 (42) | 0.84 (0.56 to 1.26) |
| Antepartum hypoxia | 48.9 (183) | 40.1 (138) | 0.82 (0.66 to 1.02) | 0 | 0.9 (3) | – |
| Intrapartum hypoxia | 5.9 (22) | 2.0 (7) | 0.35 (0.15 to 0.81) | 8.1 (30) | 4.1 (14) | 0.51 (0.27 to 0.96) |
| Prematurity | – | – | – | 26.3 (98) | 22.2 (76) | 0.84 (0.62 to 1.14) |
| All causes | 65.1 (244) | 46.8 (161) | 0.72 (0.59 to 0.88) | 51.1 (175) | 58.3 (217) | 0.88 (0.72 to 1.07) |
| Maternal age 20–34 years (n = 545 069) | ||||||
| Congenital anomalies | 4.1 (115) | 2.3 (63) | 0.57 (0.42 to 0.77) | 16.3 (452) | 9.2 (247) | 0.57 (0.49 to 0.66) |
| Antepartum hypoxia | 36.6 (1022) | 32.0 (858) | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.96) | 0.1 (3) | 0.6 (15) | – |
| Intrapartum hypoxia | 6.5 (182) | 3.6 (97) | 0.55 (0.43 to 0.71) | 6.5 (181) | 4.9 (130) | 0.75 (0.60 to 0.93) |
| Prematurity | – | – | – | 14.2 (394) | 11.2 (300) | 0.79 (0.68 to 0.92) |
| All causes | 48.8 (1362) | 40.0 (1075) | 0.82 (0.76 to 0.89) | 44.4 (1234) | 33.7 (900) | 0.79 (0.76 to 0.83) |
| Maternal age ⩾35 years (n = 51 189) | ||||||
| Congenital anomalies | 7.6 (15) | 5.0 (16) | 0.67 (0.33 to 1.35) | 25.9 (51) | 10.8 (34) | 0.42 (0.27 to 0.64) |
| Antepartum hypoxia | 58.5 (116) | 45.1 (143) | 0.77 (0.60 to 0.98) | 0.5 (1) | 1.9 (6) | – |
| Intrapartum hypoxia | 11.1 (22) | 4.1 (13) | 0.37 (0.19 to 0.73) | 7.1 (14) | 5.1 (16) | 0.71 (0.35 to 1.46) |
| Prematurity | – | – | – | 23.3 (46) | 13.3 (42) | 0.57 (0.37 to 0.86) |
| All causes | 78.7 (156) | 58.3 (185) | 0.74 (0.60 to 0.92) | 71.7 (141) | 41.2 (130) | 0.57 (0.45 to 0.73) |