Cause specific death rates (with number of cases in parentheses) in 1982–90 and 1991–2000, and rate ratios, for singleton and multiple births
| Cause of death | Stillbirth rate | Rate ratio (95% CI) | Neonatal death rate | Rate ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1982–90 | 1991–2000 | 1982–90 | 1991–2000 | |||
| Stillbirth rates were calculated per 10 000 total births (live and still); neonatal death rates were calculated per 10 000 live births. | ||||||
| Singleton births: (n = 670 919) | ||||||
| Congenital anomalies | 4.8 (162) | 2.5 (84) | 0.52 (0.40 to 0.68) | 16.6 (557) | 9.7 (323) | 0.58 (0.51 to 0.67) |
| Neural tube | 1.9 (63) | 0.2 (6) | 0.10 (0.04 to 0.22) | 2.8 (94) | 0.4 (14) | 0.15 (0.09 to 0.26) |
| Chromosome | 0.3 (10) | 1.4 (46) | 4.63 (2.33 to 9.17) | 2.2 (74) | 1.5 (49) | 0.67 (0.46 to 0.95) |
| Cardiac | 0.3 (11) | 0.3 (11) | 1.00 (0.44 to 2.32) | 3.8 (128) | 2.9 (98) | 0.77 (0.59 to 1.00) |
| Other | 2.3 (78) | 0.6 (21) | 0.27 (0.17 to 0.44) | 7.8 (261) | 4.9 (162) | 0.62 (0.51 to 0.76) |
| Antepartum hypoxia | 39.3 (1321) | 34.0 (1139) | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.94) | 0.1 (4) | 0.7 (24) | 6.02 (2.09 to 17.37) |
| Intrapartum hypoxia | 6.7 (226) | 3.5 (117) | 0.52 (0.42 to 0.65) | 6.7 (225) | 4.8 (160) | 0.71 (0.58 to 0.87) |
| Prematurity | – | – | – | 16.1 (538) | 12.5 (418) | 0.78 (0.69 to 0.89) |
| Infection | 0.2 (7) | 0.9 (29) | 4.17 (1.82 to 9.51) | 3.9 (132) | 4.3 (144) | 1.10 (0.87 to 1.39) |
| Miscellaneous | 1.1 (37) | 1.3 (44) | 1.20 (0.77 to 1.85) | 2.9 (96) | 2.5 (84) | 0.88 (0.66 to 1.18) |
| Other causes | 0.3 (10) | 0.3 (11) | 1.11 (0.47 to 2.60) | 1.3 (44) | 1.6 (53) | 1.21 (0.81 to 1.80) |
| All causes | 52.4 (1763) | 42.6 (1424) | 0.81 (0.76 to 0.87) | 47.7 (1596) | 36.2 (1206) | 0.76 (0.70 to 0.82) |
| Multiple births (n = 15 941): | ||||||
| Congenital anomalies | 20.9 (15) | 23.9 (21) | 1.14 (0.59 to 2.21) | 41.4 (29) | 31.3 (27) | 0.75 (0.45 to 1.27) |
| Neural tube | 11.1 (8) | 8.0 (7) | 0.71 (0.26 to 1.97) | 10.0 (7) | 7.0 (6) | 0.69 (0.23 to 2.07) |
| Chromosome | 0 | 3.4 (3) | – | 7.1 (5) | 4.6 (4) | 0.65 (0.17 to 2.41) |
| Cardiac | 0 | 1.1 (1) | – | 8.6 (6) | 4.6 (4) | 0.54 (0.15 to 1.91) |
| Other | 9.8 (7) | 11.4 (10) | 1.17 (0.44 to 3.06) | 15.7 (11) | 15.1 (13) | 0.96 (0.43 to 2.14) |
| Antepartum hypoxia | 155.0 (111) | 103.7 (91) | 0.67 (0.51 to 0.88) | 1.4 (1) | 0 | – |
| Intrapartum hypoxia | 23.7 (17) | 9.1 (8) | 0.38 (0.17 to 0.89) | 40.0 (28) | 25.5 (22) | 0.64 (0.36 to 1.11) |
| Prematurity | – | – | – | 203.0 (142) | 209.7 (181) | 1.03 (0.83 to 1.28) |
| Infection | 2.8 (2) | 0 | – | 20.0 (14) | 25.4 (22) | 1.27 (0.65 to 2.49) |
| Miscellaneous | 30.7 (22) | 29.6 (26) | 0.96 (0.55 to 1.70) | 38.6 (27) | 19.7 (17) | 0.51 (0.28 to 0.94) |
| Other causes | – | – | – | 1.4 (1) | 2.3 (2) | – |
| All causes | 233.6 (167) | 166.3 (146) | 0.71 (0.57 to 0.89) | 346.0 (242) | 313.9 (271) | 0.91 (0.77 to 1.08) |