Relation between visual impairments and visual perception, intelligence, and motor impairment
| VMI | Total IQ | Verbal IQ | Performance IQ | Movement ABC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values are median (interquartile range). | |||||
| IQ, Intelligence quotient; Movement ABC, Movement assessment battery for children; VMI, Developmental test of visual-motor integration | |||||
| Acuity | |||||
| ⩾6/9 | 92 (85–97) | 91 (80–99) | 92 (84–102) | 88 (78–99) | 8 (3–14.5) |
| <6/9 | 85 (79–92) | 82 (67–92) | 91 (77–99) | 74 (64–85) | 17 (10–35) |
| p = 0.019 | p = 0.009 | p = 0.183 | p = 0.001 | p<0.001 | |
| Normal | 92 (85–97) | 91 (80–99) | 92 (78–99) | 88 (78–99) | 8 (3–14.5) |
| Strabismus | 87 (81–95) | 86 (75–98) | 91 (79–102) | 82 (67–97) | 17 (7–32.5) |
| p = 0.019 | p = 0.145 | p = 0.456 | p = 0.079 | p<0.001 | |
| Stereopsis (seconds of arc) | |||||
| ⩾120 | 91 (84–96) | 86 (78–98) | 91 (82–102) | 85 (76–97) | 9 (4.4–16) |
| <120 | 94 (87–99) | 94 (84–102) | 95 (88–103) | 95 (82–104) | 6.5 (1.6–12) |
| p = 0.010 | p = 0.004 | p = 0.052 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.022 | |
| Contrast sensitivity | |||||
| ⩾150 | 92 (85–97) | 91 (80–99) | 92 (84–102) | 88 (78–99) | 8 (3–14.5) |
| <150 | 87 (82–97) | 83 (77–96) | 91 (81–100) | 78 (69–90) | 19 (10–28) |
| p = 0.229 | p = 0.048 | p = 0.445 | p = 0.008 | p<0.001 | |