Method | Reference | Weight (g) | Cannula/catheter diameter* | Oxygen flow (litres/min) | Mean Fho2 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
*External diameter at distal portion of cannula/catheter; 1 mm cannula: Infant Nasal Cannula, Salter Labs, Arvin, California, USA. | |||||
†Indirect measurement (owing to positive end expiratory pressure production, the measured value may be higher than the real Fho2; see text). | |||||
SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error of mean. | |||||
Headbox | Fho2 = Fio2 in box | ||||
Facemask | No data | ||||
Oxygen line to face | No data | ||||
Nasal prongs | Wilson et al16 | 932 (mean) | 1 mm | 0.2 | 42 |
1 mm | 0.3 | 40 | |||
1 mm | 0.5 | 45 | |||
Finer et al17 | 590–1315 | 1 mm | 0.2 | 83 | |
1580–4020 | 1 mm | 0.2 | 47 | ||
Vain et al11 | 1780–4090 | 1 mm | 0.5 | 45 (SD 10) | |
1 mm | 1 | 65 (SD 9) | |||
Kuluz et al14 | 3000–10000 | 1 mm | 0 | 20 (SE 0.4) | |
1 mm | 0.5 | 35 (SE 1.7) | |||
1 mm | 1 | 45 (SE 1.8) | |||
1 mm | 2 | 57 (SE 3.7) | |||
1 mm | 3 | 70 (SE 2.5) | |||
1 mm | 4 | 73 (SE 2.7) | |||
Fan & Voyles15 | <3500 | 10 F | 0.5 | 35† | |
>3500 | 10 F | 0.5 | 28† | ||
10 F | 1 | 31† | |||
10 F | 2 | 35† | |||
Nasal catheter | No data | ||||
Nasopharyngeal catheter | Shann et al31 | 1400–1000 | 8 F | 150 ml/kg | 50† |