Parental and family characteristics and child rearing practices in the low birthweight and control families
| <2000 g (n=130) Mean (SD) | >3000 g (n= 130) Mean (SD) | Difference of means | 95% CI of difference | p Value (t test) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Symptom check list-revised (SCL-90R). General stress index. | |||||
| †Raven progressive matrices test. The age corrected scores, z-transformed to mean of 0 and SD of 1, were used. | |||||
| ‡Child rearing practices report (CRPR). | |||||
| §Parental stress index. Parental domain score reflects aspects of general parenting. | |||||
| ¶Factor scores z-transformed to mean of 0 and SD of 1 were used. | |||||
| Parental | |||||
| Paternal education in years | 12.1 | 13.3 | 1.3 | 0.5 to 2.1 | 0.002 |
| Average income (in 1000 no.kroner) | 40.9 (2.8) | 45.5 (4.1) | 4.6 | -1.4 to 5.3 | 0.36 |
| Maternal education in years | 12.3 | 13.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 to 1.7 | 0.002 |
| Maternal age (years) | 31.7 (5.2) | 32.6 (4.5) | 0.9 | -0.4 to 2.2 | 0.15 |
| Maternal psychological distress*¶ | 0.34 (0.33) | 0.27 (0.24) | 0.07 | -0.14 to 0.007 | 0.07 |
| Maternal Raven score† | -0.08 (1.0) | 0.14 (1.0) | 0.21 | -0.48 to 0.05 | 0.11 |
| Child rearing practicesঠ| |||||
| Nurturance | -0.13 (0.09) | 0.14 (0.08) | -0.27 | -0.51 to –0.03 | 0.03 |
| Restrictiveness | 0.08 (0.10) | -0.07 (0.08) | 0.15 | -0.09 to 0.40 | 0.27 |
| Permissiveness | 0.03 (0.09) | -0.03 (0.08) | 0.06 | -0.19 to 0.31 | 0.63 |
| Overruling | 0.08 (0.09) | -0.09 (0.08) | 0.16 | -0.08 to 0.41 | 0.19 |
| Parent domain stress§¶ | 0.08 (0.1) | -0.07 (0.09) | 0.15 | -0.12 to 0.42 | 0.28 |
| Family life event§¶ | 1.3 (1.4) | 1.2 (1.4) | 0.03 | -0.33 to 0.39 | 0.87 |
| Number (%) | p Value (χ2) | ||||
| Single parent family | 15 (12) | 10 (8) | 0.3 | ||
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 55/111 | 38/125 | 0.04 | ||