Association between breast feeding and childhood anthropometric variables, Boyd-Orr cohort, UK
| Mean (SD) anthropometric z score | Mean difference (95% CI) in z scores (breast fed minus bottle fed) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable* | No in subset with complete data | Breast fed | Bottle fed | Adjusted for clustering at the family level | Also adjusted for socioeconomic factors† and survey district |
| Mean differences between breast fed and bottle fed subjects were calculated using random effects ession modelling. | |||||
| *Internally age and sex standardised z scores calculated for children aged 2 years to 14 years 9 months. | |||||
| †Socioeconomic factors adjusted for were social class, number of children, birth order, and income category (all entered as categorical variables). | |||||
| Males | |||||
| Height | 1059 | 0.054 (0.97) | −0.168 (0.99) | 0.19 (0.06 to 0.33) | 0.20 (0.07 to 0.32) |
| p=0.005 | p=0.003 | ||||
| Trunk length | 1023 | 0.083 (0.98) | −0.102 (1.00) | 0.12 (−0.02 to 0.26) | 0.04 (−0.10 to 0.17) |
| p=0.11 | p=0.59 | ||||
| Leg length | 1023 | 0.015 (0.97) | −0.158 (0.99) | 0.18 (0.04 to 0.31) | 0.23 (0.10 to 0.36) |
| p=0.01 | p<0.0001 | ||||
| Body mass index | 1055 | 0.004 (0.97) | 0.001 (1.09) | 0.001 (−0.14 to 0.14) | −0.03 (−0.17 to 0.11) |
| p=0.95 | p=0.72 | ||||
| Females | |||||
| Height | 1156 | 0.039 (0.97) | −0.094 (1.00) | 0.12 (−0.01 to 0.24) | 0.14 (0.02 to 0.27) |
| p=0.08 | p=0.02 | ||||
| Trunk length | 1112 | 0.084 (0.98) | −0.052 (1.00) | 0.12 (−0.01 to 0.26) | 0.11 (−0.02 to 0.23) |
| p=0.07 | p=0.10 | ||||
| Leg length | 1114 | −0.004 (0.97) | −0.082 (1.01) | 0.08 (−0.05 to 0.21) | 0.13 (0.01 to 0.26) |
| p=0.21 | p=0.04 | ||||
| Body mass index | 1150 | 0.030 (0.99) | −0.084 (1.00) | 0.09 (−0.04 to 0.22) | 0.08 (−0.05 to 0.21) |
| p=0.18 | p=0.25 | ||||